November 2008
VGP Section Newsletter #34
Dear Colleagues,
Here is the
final VGP newsletter of 2008, which has a strong focus on the upcoming AGU Fall
Meeting. We hope this has been a rewarding year for the membership of
VGP, and wish you all the best for 2009. Archived newsletters and a
variety of other VGP-related information can be found at http://vgp.agu.org. Please send any
feedback to Sarah Fagents at fagents@hawaii.edu.
(1) Message from the VGP
President
– New
VGP Executive Committee
– AGU
Fall and Spring Meetings
– Please contribute to VGP
– VGP
Reception and Awards, Tuesday 16 December
–
Bowen Lecture, Tuesday 16 December
– AGU
Honors Evening, Wednesday 17 December
=================================================
(1) MESSAGE
FROM THE VGP PRESIDENT
-- New VGP Executive Committee
I would
like to start by thanking Bernie Wood and the previous VGP Executive Committee
plus all the associated committee members, for their hard work and commitment,
as well as for making VGP run so well over the past two years.
Personally, I doubt that you can be passionate about science and not care about
the quality of the mechanisms by which it is discussed, published, honored and communicated to the wider world. This is
what we are about as a society. Key players, in addition to Bernie, who have
greatly helped over the past two years have been Francis Albarede, Richard Arculus, Charlie Bacon, Bob Bodnar,
Rick Carlson, Jon Davidson, Sarah Fagents, Ken
Farley, Attila Kilinc, Craig Manning, Chris Nye,
Terry Plank, Kelly Russell, Joop Varekamp and Youxue
Zhang. Thank you all very much.
We have a new
Executive Committee which will expand over the coming year as the timing of
the various roles comes around. The new President-elect is Steve Sparks. Janne
Blichert-Toft is the Geochemistry
Secretary and Paul Wallace
the Volcanology and Petrology Secretary.
Janne and Paul are also responsible for putting
together this year’s outstanding Fall meeting
VGP program. Simon Turner is
organising the program for the Western Pacific Meeting and Don Baker the 2009 Spring AGU in
-- AGU Fall and Spring Meetings
It is very
evident that the current standard of VGP science is at the pinnacle of our
field. There is no other meeting but Fall AGU that competes in terms of
its ability to bring together the very best in volcanology,
geochemistry and petrology. What is increasingly evident is the strength
and interest of the joint sessions. The ability to discuss science across
traditionally distinct subject boundaries is a very special feature that lies
at the heart of the mandate and success of this meeting.
The role of the
spring meeting is evolving and is one of several issues to consider in this
coming year. The fact that it moves around physically provides us with an
opportunity to engage scientifically with different communities and to derive
benefit from special topics that are especially well suited to the different
mix of attendees. I would encourage you to think about good sessions to propose
for the Spring meeting and to contact Don Baker (donb@eps.mcgill.ca) if you want
further information.
-- Please contribute to VGP
Please remember VGP when you are thinking about earmarking money for AGU as you renew your subscriptions. Contributions above an initial $60 can be designated for VGP (details on www.agu.org). It is easy to do and it means that you can directly help with the costs of improvements in what VGP does for you.
I look
forward to seeing you in
Best wishes,
--Alex Halliday,
VGP President
(2) SPECIAL
EVENTS AT THE AGU FALL MEETING
-- VGP Reception and Awards at Fall AGU, Tuesday 16 December
Please come
to the VGP reception on the Tuesday evening at the San Francisco Marriot. It is
a unique opportunity to relax together and talk informally in a large
group.
Most
importantly the reception provides us with the chance to recognise our new Bowen
and Kuno awardees. This year’s Bowen
Award will go to Rick Carlson
(DTM), who will also give a special Bowen Lecture on Tuesday morning.
The first
recipient of the exciting new Kuno Award is Cin-Ty Lee (
-- Bowen Lecture, Tuesday 16 December
Rick Carlson will give this year’s Bowen Lecture at 9:15 am in session V21E,
entitled “On the Causes of Continental Intraplate
Volcanism: An Example From the High Lava Plains of
-- AGU Honors Evening, Wednesday 17 December
Another
opportunity to honor our colleagues occurs on the
Wednesday of AGU week, when the 2008 AGU Medals are presented. This year
VGP member Miriam Kastner
will be receiving the Maurice Ewing Medal for major contributions to
understanding marine sedimentation and ocean chemistry, and Gerald Wasserburg
will be receiving the Bowie Medal for his important contributions to
earth and planetary sciences resulting from his developments in the field of
radiogenic isotope geochemistry
The Honors Reception begins at 6 pm at the San Francisco
Marriot, and will be followed by the Honors Banquet
at 8:30pm. The latter event requires tickets which can be purchased from
AGU. For more details, see http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm08/index.php/Events/HomePage.
This year we are expecting a record attendance at AGU, and
we expect many student-presented papers. So now more than ever, we will be
looking for judges to help us decide who are the most
deserving students to get AGU-VGP awards. Please email me if you are willing to serve as a judge,
and let me know which days you will be present at the Fall
meeting. Thanks for helping out.
(4) VGP SESSIONS AT
THE AGU FALL MEETING
The full program for the AGU Fall Meeting is available at http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm08/index.php/Program/HomePage. Sessions of particular interest to VGP attendees include the following:
V01
Volcanology, Geochemistry, Petrology: General
Contributions
V02
Innovations in Isotope Mass Spectrometry and Isotope Metrology in Geochemistry
V03 Large
Igneous Province Development and Environmental Impacts
V04 The
Influence of Geologic Processes in the Lower Continental Crust and Upper Mantle
on Crustal Formation and Mantle Geochemistry From
Field, Petrological, Geochemical, and Geophysical
Perspectives
V05 Recent
Advances in Lithium Isotope Geochemistry
V06 Subduction Zones: Geochemical Processes and Geophysical
Constraints
V07 Abyssal
Mantle: Origin and Surface Exposure Processes of Ultramafic
Rocks
V08 Early
Earth Evolution: Geodynamics, Geochemistry, Geobiology
V09 Thirty
Years of Mantle Recycling
V10
Geological Fluid Dynamics
V11 Volcano
Imaging Experiments at
V12 Nature
and Role of Colloids and Nanoparticles in the
Environment
V13 The Rest
of the Story: Mount St. Helens 2004-2008
V14 From Subduction Zones to Mantle Plumes: High Field Strength
Elements as Geochemical Tracers of Crustal Recycling
V15
Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 1: Thermobarometry
and Implications for Magma Storage and Transport
V16 Oceanic
Spreading Centers and Volcanic Rift Systems: Tracking
Fluxes and the Interplay Between Processes from Mantle to Microbe
V17 The
First Historical Eruption of
V18 Episodic
Behavior of the Earth’s Interior
V19
Mass-Independent Isotopic Fractionation in Natural Systems: Experimental and
Theoretical Analyses
V20 Subduction Zone Metamorphism: Fluid-Rock Interaction in
Time and Space
V21 Frontier
of UltraHigh-Pressure Metamorphism and Deep Subduction: From Atomic Scales to
V22
Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 2: Contrasting Views of the Origin
of Large Volume Silicic Magma Chambers and Granitic Batholiths
V23
Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 3: Melt Inclusions in Phenocrysts From Mafic and Ultramafic Magmas
V24 Results
From the
V25 New
Insights on the Formation and Evolution of
V26
Observations and Modeling of Volcanic Blasts and Jets
V27
“Failed” Magmatic Eruptions: When Unrest
Leads to Quiescence
V28 New
Scientific Insights From Mining Geochemical and Geophysical Databases
V29
Quantifying Surface Processes Using Noble Gases
V30 Arc
Dynamics of
V31 Nanoscale Views on Geochemical Processes
V32
Hydrology of Marine Hydrothermal Systems
V33 Advances
in Analyzing Rock Textures and Microgeochemistry
V34 Flow and
Fracture of Magma: Bringing Together Experimentation, Modelling and Monitoring
V35 Advances
in Volcano Monitoring and Research at the
V36
Interpretation of Spectroscopic Studies of Organic Species at the Mineral-Water
Interface
V37 Puna Dacite Magma at
V38 Minerals,
Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 4: Crystal-scale Records of Magma Dynamics
V39 Arc Crustal Cross-Sections: Studies in the 4-d Evolution of Arcs
V40
International Polar Year:
V41
Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 5: Volatile Diffusion and Degassing
as Related to
V42
Geochemical Heterogeneities in OIB and MORB Sources: Implications for Melting
Processes and Mantle Dynamics
following are DETAILS OF VGP AND UNION SESSIONS
V01 Volcanology, Geochemistry, Petrology: General
Contributions
This session provides the opportunity for contributions that fall within the
broad spectrum of Volcanology, Geochemistry, and
Petrology.
Conveners:
Paul Wallace,
Janne Blichert-Toft,
École Normale Supérieure de Lyon,
V02 Innovations in Isotope Mass Spectrometry and Isotope Metrology in
Geochemistry
Isotope mass spectrometry and Isotope Metrology are essential to geochemical
research, and recent advances in technologies and methodologies have spawned
new applications. We invite contributions that emphasize new developments in
isotope mass spectrometry, including advances in instrumentation, establishment
of isotope reference materials, techniques for high-precision ratio
determinations, and methods for measuring radiogenic, cosmogenic,
and stable isotopes. Additional ancillary topics may include calibration
measurements, statistical evaluation, uncertainty budget, precision and
accuracy, traceability, RMs and SRMs,
results from interlaboratory comparisons.
Conveners:
Stephan Richter, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
(IRMM), Retieseweg 111, Geel,
2440 BEL, Tel: +32-14-571-701,-652, Fax: +32-14-571-863, email: stephan.richter@ec.europa.eu, and
Jacqueline L. Mann, National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST),
Analytical Chemistry Division 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA,
Tel: 301-975-4472, Fax: 301-869-0413, email: jmann@nist.gov, and
Chuan-Chou (River) Shen, Department of
Geosciences, National Taiwan University (NTU), No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road,
Taipei, 10617 TWN, Tel: 886-2-3366-5878, Fax: 886-2-3365-1917, email:
river@ntu.edu.tw, and
Lars Borg, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Chemistry
Sciences Division 7000 East Avenue L-231 , Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Tel: (925)
424-5722, email: borg5@llnl.gov
V03 Large Igneous Province Development and Environmental Impacts
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) - oceanic plateaus,
volcanic divergent margins, and continental flood basalts - represent the most
voluminous igneous events on our planet. Almost 1% of the Earth may have been
covered with volcanism in Early Cretaceous time by the “Greater Ontong Java LIP Event”, which may have also included
the Manihiki and Hikurangi
oceanic plateaus. The formation of large igneous provinces has fundamental
implications for the transfer of mass and energy from the interior of the Earth
to its surface and for the growth and breakup of continents. LIPs may also have contributed to global environmental
change (such as ocean anoxic events) and biotic adaptations/evolution. Despite
considerable research conducted on LIPs, many open
questions remain. Issues of particular interest that this special session on LIPs will address include (but are not restricted to): 1)
Over what age ranges do LIPs form? Are these short
events lasting a few millions of years or rather events encompassing tens of
millions of years? Is there a main LIP phase lasting a few million years
followed by tens of millions of years of low-level late-stage volcanism? 2) Are
LIPs chemically homo- or heterogeneous? Do ranges in
LIP composition typically correlate with that of ocean island basalts (OIBs)? Can there be multiple stages of LIP activity, for
example a major tholeiitic event followed by a
lower-volume, but longer-lasting alkalic event, for
example on oceanic plateaus? 3) Under what paleo-environmental
conditions did LIPs form? Did portions of oceanic LIPs form subaerially or
completely submarine, and if so, at what water depths? 4) What are the links
between LIP events and environmental changes? For example, did oceanic LIPs trigger anoxic events, marine biotic extinctions and speciations, oceanic acidification or other major changes
in the composition of marine nutrients or isotopic composition of seawater? 5)
What is the origin of LIPs? Endogenous lower and/or
upper mantle upwelling (e.g., plume heads), exogenous mantle upwelling (e.g., bolide impacts), etc.? 6) Is there a relationship between
LIP formation and continental break-up? Are oceanic plateaus inherently
unstable and doomed to break-up? 7) What are the uplift and subsidence
histories of oceanic plateaus and volcanic margins? 8) Did the Ontong Java, Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus form as a single or as multiple events?
9) Are the Paleozoic oceanic LIP fragments preserved in the circum-Pacific subduction-accretion complexes similar to or different from
Jurassic and later LIPs in the present ocean? We
encourage contributions from a wide array of disciplines including geophysics
(geodynamics, tomography, seismology, paleomagnetics,
remote sensing), paleoclimatology, paleoceanography, environmental modeling,
micropaleontology, physical volcanology, planetary
geology, tectonics, geochemistry (high- and low-temperature, geochronology,
biogeochemistry), and petrology. Reports of future plans and strategies for LIP
research are also highly encouraged.
Kaj Alexander Hoernle,
IFM-GEOMAR Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Wischhofstr.
1-3, Kiel, 24148 DEU, Tel: +494316002642, email: khoernle@ifm-geomar.de,
and
Millard F. Coffin, National Oceanography
Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus European Way
, Southampton, SO14 3ZH GBR, Tel: +442380599346, email:
m.coffin@noc.soton.ac.uk, and
Elisabetta Erba, University of Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della
Terra "Ardito Desio"
Via Mangiagalli 34 , Milano,
20133 ITA, Tel: +390250315530, email: elisabetta.erba@unimi.it,
and
Akira Ishiwatari,
Tohoku Univ., Kawauchi, JPN, Tel: +81-22-795-3614,
email: geoishw@cneas.tohoku.ac.jp
V04 The Influence of Geologic Processes in the Lower Continental Crust and
Upper Mantle on Crustal Formation and Mantle
Geochemistry From Field, Petrological, Geochemical,
and Geophysical Perspectives
Processes in the lower continental crust and the upper mantle are crucial in
the formation of continental crust and the development of mantle heterogeneity
over geologic time. Specifically, high pressure fractional crystallization,
partial melting, and foundering of high density cumulates/restites
have the potential to strongly modify the lower continental crust. However, our
detailed knowledge of these processes is extremely limited and the lower
crust/upper mantle remains the “black box” of crust formation. This
session aims to bring together specialists to provide field, petrological, geophysical, geodynamical and geochemical
constraints on the evolution of the crust and mantle through time. We encourage
contributions from a variety of observational and theoretical studies which
will help to shed new light on these problems.
Conveners:
Oliver Jagoutz,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. , Cambridge,, MA
02139-4307 USA, email: jagoutz@mit.edu, and
Othmar Müntener, University of
Lausanne, CHE, email: Othmar.Muntener@unil.ch, and
Mark Behn, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA, email: mbehn@whoi.edu
V05 Recent Advances in Lithium Isotope Geochemistry
There has been much effort expended over the past twenty years in the
development of precise and accurate measurements of lithium isotopes in
terrestrial and extra-terrestrial materials. As a consequence, our
understanding of lithium isotope systematics has been
greatly improved and gives rise to important new perspectives on a range of
natural processes. It is now known that lithium isotopes can be significantly
fractionated not only at low-temperatures, by fluid-rock interactions but also
during high-temperature processes, associated with the anomalously high rate of
lithium diffusion. Nonetheless, compared with other stable isotope systematics, many fundamental problems concerning Li
isotopes are still not resolved. For example, the behavior of lithium isotopes
during prograde metamorphism is debated; the lithium
isotopic dataset on extraterrestrial materials is still very limited;
experimentally calibrated equilibrium lithium isotope fractionation factors are
rare; lithium diffusivity and the scale of lithium isotope fractionation by
diffusion in solid phases are still not well-known. The promising application
of Li isotopes to exploring large scale problems, such as tracking changes in
continental weathering rates and the return of crustal
material to the mantle are limited by some of these uncertainties. In this
session, we welcome contributions that deal with lithium isotopes using
analytical, experimental or theoretical approaches to address different
processes including but not limited to low-temperature fluid-rock interactions,
high-temperature diffusion, metamorphism of terrestrial and extraterrestrial
materials, and continental and oceanic magmatism.
Fang-Zhen Teng,
Department of Geosciences & Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary
Sciences, University of Arkansas, Ozark Hall 113, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA,
Tel: 479-575-4524, Fax: 479-575-3469, email: fteng@uark.edu, and
Tim Elliott, Department of Earth Sciences,
University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen’s Road, BS8 1RJ
GBR, Tel: +44 (0) 117-954-5426, Fax: +44 (0) 117-925-3385, email:
tim.elliott@bristol.ac.uk, and
Barbara L. Dutrow,
Department of Geology & Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, LA 70803 USA, Tel: 225-578-2525, Fax: 225-578-2302, email:
dutrow@lsu.edu, and
Joris M. Gieskes, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA,
Tel: (858)534-4257, Fax: (858)534-2997, email: jgieskes@ucsd.edu
V06 Subduction Zones: Geochemical Processes and
Geophysical Constraints
Subduction zones are one of the most geologically
dynamic and scientifically exciting areas of the earth because they are the
place where old crust is destroyed and new crustal
material is created. They also are responsible for most of the volcanoes and
produce most of the largest earthquakes and tsunamis. This session aims at
evaluating the geochemical processes and budgets of subduction
zones and the associated petrological processes. We
welcome contributions focused on (a) the chemical and isotopic budget of the subducted material (the input sediments and crust), (b) the
composition of the volcanic arcs, back-arcs and fore-arc basins and their
origins, (c) the effects of the presence of volatiles on the melting conditions
in the mantle wedge, (d) the seismic and other geophysical characteristics of
the materials of the mantle wedge that constrain compositions and processes, and
establish mass transfer estimations and (e) physical and numerical modeling of
mass transfer in subduction channels and mantle
wedge. Integration of these different approaches should help our community to
decipher the complex processes occurring in key areas of our planet and by
consequence to better understand long-term contribution of subduction
processes to its evolution.
Conveners:
Catherine Chauvel,
Grenoble University, LGCA BP53, Grenoble, F-38041 FRA, email:
catherine.chauvel@ujf-grenoble.fr, and
Bruno Reynard, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon, F-69364
FRA, email: bruno.reynard@ens-lyon.fr, and
Roy D. Hyndman, Pacific Geoscience
Centre, Geological Survey of Canada, CGC Pacifique,
Centre géoscientifique du Pacifique
9860 W. Saanich Rd., Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 CAN, email:
rhyndman@nrcan.gc.ca
V07 Abyssal Mantle: Origin and Surface Exposure Processes of Ultramafic Rocks
This session will focus on (1) the origin and evolution of the abyssal mantle
based on major elements, trace elements, and isotopes; (2) the processes by
which abyssal mantle is exposed at amagmatic
spreading ridges; and (3) the tectonic evolution of megamullions
and associated processes of serpentinization.
Conveners:
Akihisa Motoki, Department of Mineralogy and
Petrology, Rio de Janeiro State University, DMPI/FGEL/CTC/UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Bloco
A, Sala 4023, Maracanã.,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-990 BRA, Tel: (55)-21-2587-7102, Fax:
(55)-21-2629-5931, email: akmotoki@gmail.com, and
Susanna Eleonora Sichel, Department of Geology, Federal Fluminense University, Departamento
de Geologia, Universidade
Federal Fluminense. Av. General Milton Tavares de
Souza, SN., Gragoatá, Niterói,
RJ 24210-346 BRA, Tel: (55)-21-2629-5920, Fax: (55)-21-2629-5931, email:
akmotoki@gmail.com
V08 Early Earth Evolution: Geodynamics, Geochemistry, Geobiology
The aim of the session is to assemble information from three different but
connected disciplines that help us understand how the Earth operated through
the Hadean and Archean. Input from mineral physicists
and dynamic modellers provides a picture of how the
early magma ocean crystallized and how the newly solidified Earth started to convect. Contributions from petrologists
and geochemists provide constraints on how the mantle melted and evolved, and
on the composition and nature of the earliest oceanic and continental crust;
predictions that can be tested using geochemical data from the oldest minerals
and rocks. Finally, inferences about the compositions of the crust, the oceans
and the atmosphere, constrained by data from the oldest submarine volcanic and
sedimentary rocks, provide the sole direct means to constrain the habitat(s)
for early life on Earth.
Nicholas Arndt, University of Grenoble, 1381
rue de la Piscine, St Martin d'Heres, 38400 FRA, Tel:
33 4 76048116, email: arndt@ujf-grenoble.fr, and
Stephane Labrosse, ENS Lyon,
FRA, email: stephane.labrosse@ens-lyon.fr, and
Stephen Mojzsis,
University of Colorado, USA, email: Stephen.Mojzsis@Colorado.EDU
V09 Thirty Years of Mantle Recycling
Thirty years ago, the new idea that surface material is recycled into the
mantle signaled the coming of age of mantle dynamics. The concept is that all
the components of the oceanic lithosphere--sediments, basalts, gabbros, and
residual peridotite--are continually injected into
the mantle at subduction zones and profoundly modify
its chemistry, temperature, and rheology. this concept, as pioneered by William White, has proved to
be one of the most fecund in Solid Earth sciences. Recycling of lithosphere
affects continental growth, plume instabilities, and basalt genesis. Recycling
of water is critical to the convective regime of our planet, to the generation
of magmas, and to the fate of surface volatile reservoirs. Beyond the specific
processes taking place at subduction zones, across
the transition zone, and in the sources of magmas, this session will be
dedicated to the dynamic impact of deep geochemical cycles and their
mineralogical and seismological signatures. It will also address the effect of
recycling of surface material on the long-term evolution of the Earth's
interior in comparison to that of other planets. We invite contributions from
isotope geochemistry, experimental petrology, seismology, mineral physics and
geodynamics.
Conveners:
Francis Albarede, Ecole Normale Supérieure,
46 allee d'Italie, Lyon,
N/A 69007 FRA, Tel: +334 72728414, email: albarede@ens-lyon.fr, and
Albrecht W. Hofmann, Max-Planck Institute,
Mainz, N/A 55020 DEU, Tel: +49 6131 305 280, email: ahofmann@ldeo.columbia.edu,
and
Terry Plank, Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964 USA, email: tplank@ldeo.columbia.edu, and
Jeffrey D. Vervoort,
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA, email: vervoort@wsu.edu
V10 Geological Fluid Dynamics
In this forum we will discuss recent advances in the fluid dynamics of
compressible flows, turbulent flows, plastic flows, multiphase flows, and
granular flows with a bearing on geological phenomena such as the rise and
expansion of volcanic plumes; the formation and evolution of lava domes,
channels and tubes; the propagation of landslides and avalanches; and the
scouring of granular and rocky beds.
Conveners:
Gustavo Gioia,
University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA, email: ggioia@uiuc.edu, and
Pinaki Chakraborty, University
of Illinois, USA, email: chakrabo@uiuc.edu, and
Susan Kieffer,
University of Illinois, USA, email: skieffer@uiuc.edu
V11 Volcano Imaging Experiments at Montserrat and Other Arc Volcanoes
Since 1995 the eruption of the andesitic Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV), Montserrat, has been studied
in unprecedented detail and the volcano has become an important natural
laboratory for investigations of volcanic processes. Deep processes exert
important controls on this eruption, but the structure of the island arc crust
and upper mantle, and the magmatic
system, are inadequately defined. The SEA CALIPSO project, implemented
in 2008, was therefore devised to image the lithosphere and magma chamber at
SHV using tomography and reflection seismology. Thus, geophysical
investigations of arc volcanoes (e.g., Montserrat, Deception, Mount St Helens, Unzen) in the last few years have led to new information on
the physical structure of the crust and upper mantle under and adjacent to the
volcanoes, and on their magma storage and transport systems. Such
investigations have been supplemented by studies of seismology, GPS and strain
deformation, gravity, petrology, mineralogy, erupted lava budgets, and
observational volcanology. These data are useful to
develop models of volcanic processes, arc volcanism, arc
crust evolution by igneous processes, and andesite
magma genesis. We invite papers on geophysical studies of arc islands, and
related sea or land investigations, including land and/or sea operations,
active source tomography, Q and reflected ray tomography, passive source
tomography, reflection profiling, magma generation and storage in arc settings,
OBS data and modeling, streamer profiling of structure and stratigraphy
of volcanic wedges in sea-floor sediments, implications of GPS and strain data
on magma storage/transport systems, pluton xenoliths
in relation to observed seismic velocities, petrology studies bearing on magma
storage, focal mechanisms from dense seismic arrays.
Barry Voight, Penn
State Univ, Deike Bldg, Univ Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814 238 4431, Fax: 814 863
7823, email: voight@ems.psu.edu, and
Stephen Sparks, Univ
Bristol, Geosciences, Bristol, BS8 1RJ GBR, Tel: xx, email:
Steve.Sparks@bristol.ac.uk, and
Dannie Hidayat,
Penn State U, Deike Bldg, Univ
Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814 235 0766, email: hidayat@geosc.psu.edu, and
Eylon Shalev, Univ Auckland, Auckland, NZL, email: e.shalev@auckland.ac.nz
V12 Nature and Role of Colloids and Nanoparticles
in the Environment
With recent progress in sampling and nanoparticle
characterization techniques, the traditional, operationally-defined limit of
“dissolved“ fraction (<0.2µm) in natural waters has moved
progressively to lower size fractions. Nanoparticles
and colloids which are often defined as having at least one dimension of less
than 100 nm, must be taken into account for accurate predictive modeling of the
speciation of mineral and organic compounds. Molecular-scale processes and
properties that control element transfer, the rates of geochemical processes
such as weathering and element transport in soils and rivers, and the chemical
reactivity of solids and organic matter are intimately related to their
atomic-level structures. There is growing evidence that the structure-property
relationships of nanoparticles can be significantly
different than larger particles of the same material. Surface interactions in
particular exert a disproportionate influence on the chemical properties and
movement of natural nanogeomaterials. These surface
effects also play an important role in the transport and bioavailability of
metallic and organic contaminants. This symposium will deal with field,
experimental, and modeling data showing how the presence of natural colloids
and nanoparticles affect the rates of weathering,
erosion, and elemental transport at Earth's surface. The following topics will
be covered: * Nanoparticle formation in natural
environments * Nanoparticle/colloid structure,
aggregation, solubility, and transport properties * Size effects on structure
and properties (both thermodynamic and kinetic) * Redox
and photochemical transformations of nanoparticles *
Metal speciation and trapping mechanisms by nanoparticles
* Source tracing, retardation of contaminant migration * Bacteria - nanoparticle interactions .
Convener information Thierry Allard IMPMC 140 rue de Lourmel
75015 Paris France Tel : 33 1 44 27 75 04 Fax: 33 1 44 27 37 85 Email :
thierry.allard@impmc.jussieu.fr Gordon E. Brown, Jr. Department of Geological
and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA
Tel: 650-723-9168 Fax: 650-725-2199 Email: gordon.brown@stanford.ed
Thierry Allard, IMPMC, 140 rue de Lourmel, Paris, 75015 FRA, Tel: 33 1 44 27 75 04, Fax: 33 1
44 27 37 85, email: thierry.allard@impmc.jussieu.fr, and
Gordon E. Brown, department of Geological
and Environmental Sciences, Stanford university, Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA,
Tel: 650-723-9168, Fax: 650-725-2199, email: gordon.brown@stanford.edu
V13 The Rest of the Story: Mount St. Helens 2004-2008
The end of the most recent eruption of Mount St. Helens in January, 2008 offers
the opportunity to present time-series research covering the entire eruption.
This session invites papers that build on the chapters in the upcoming USGS
Professional Paper 1750: "A Volcano Rekindled: The Renewed Eruption of
Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006", as well as any other new research on the
eruption and its eruption products. We also welcome new research relating to
the historical development of
Mark K. Reagan, University of Iowa,
Department of Geoscience 121 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa
City, IA 52242 USA, Tel: 319-335-1802, email: mark-reagan@uiowa.edu, and
Michael C. Rowe, University of Iowa, USA,
email: michael-rowe@uiowa.edu, and John S. Pallister,
USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory, USA, email: jpallist@USGS.gov
V14 From Subduction Zones to Mantle Plumes: High
Field Strength Elements as Geochemical Tracers of Crustal
Recycling
Large quantities of oceanic and continental crust are known to enter the mantle
at subduction zones, and some of this material may
become entrained in mantle upwellings, or plumes,
imparting a geochemical signature on hotspot lavas. However, following
injection into the mantle, the composition and fate of subduction
zone-processed material is little known, making the signatures associated with
recycled oceanic crust difficult unambiguously identify. This owes, in large
part, to the complex processes that operate in subduction
zones, including phase changes and dehydration or partial melting of the subducted oceanic lithosphere. Many of the elements
frequently used as geochemical tracers for subduction
are volatile and/or fluid mobile and appear to be largely lost from the subducted lithosphere during dehydration and/or partial
melting. High field strength elements (HFSE), such as Ti, Zr,
Hf, Nb, and Ta, are thought
to behave conservatively during subduction zone
processing, providing a unique tools for understanding subduction
zone processes and identifying recycling signatures in hotspot lavas. This
session is intended to bring together a confluence of information provided by
experimental, dynamical and geochemical studies that helps to unravel subduction zone processes, and ultimately detect the
signatures of the recycled materials in hotspot lavas. While the session will
highlight experimental and geochemical studies that utilize HFSE as tracers of subduction zone processes and whole mantle recycling,
presentation of other geochemical indicators that help constrain these
processes such as Ni in olivine as a proxy for eclogite
melting, radiogenic isotope (Os, Sr, Nd, Pb, etc.) signatures for crustal recycling, noble gas and volatile signatures for crustal melting beneath arcs and recycling into hotspots,
is very much encouraged.
Conveners:
Glenn A. Gaetani,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA, email: ggaetani@whoi.edu, and
Matthew G. Jackson, Carnegie Institution of
Washington, USA, email: mjackson@whoi.edu
V15 Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 1: Thermobarometry
and Implications for Magma Storage and Transport
There are few issues more central to igneous petrology than that of determining
the pressures (P) and temperatures (T) at which magmas are stored and partly
crystallize. P-T estimates are needed to test physical models of magma
transport, and are central to any attempts to relate magmatism
to tectonics. At present, P-T estimates are most commonly derived from fluid
inclusions, fluid-saturated melt inclusions, and mineral-melt equilibria. Magma storage sites are also sometimes
determined through seismic reflection profiles, or for volcanic systems from
seismic tremor and earthquakes. A review of P estimates suggests that different
methods may yield information about different aspects of the magma plumbing
system: fluid-saturated melt inclusions largely yield P<5 kbar, and most volcanic-related earthquakes are similarly
shallow, while P-estimates based on fluid inclusion densities or mineral-melt equilibria yield P as high as 10 kbar,
and seismic tremors extend to equivalent depths. In this session, we are
interested in contributions related to the estimation of magma transport or
storage conditions by any means, including seismology. New methods of P-T
estimation are welcome, as are new physical models of magma transport, and
applications of existing methods and models to natural volcanic or plutonic
systems. This session complements a pre-meeting RiMG shortcourse on Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes.
Conveners:
Andrew Barth, Indiana University-Purdue
University, 723 West Michigan Street, SL118, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA, Tel:
317-274-7484, Fax: 317-274-7966, email: ibsz100@iupui.edu, and Thor Hansteen, IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz-Institut
für Meereswissenschaften,
1-3, Geb. 8E, Raum 207,
Kiel, D-24148 DEU, Tel: 49-431-600-2130, Fax: 49-431-600-2924, email: thansteen@ifm-geomar.de, and
Andreas Klügel, Universität Bremen, Postfach 33
04 40, Bremen, D-28334 DEU, Tel: 49-421-218-7767, Fax: 49-421-218-9460, email: akluegel@uni-bremen.de, and
Keith Putirka,
California State University, Fresno, 2576 E. San Ramon Ave., MS/ST24, Fresno,
CA 93740-8039 USA, Tel: 559-278-4524, Fax: 559-278-5980, email:
kputirka@csufresno.edu, and
Pietro Armienti, University of
Pisa - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via S. Maria
53, Pisa, 56126 ITA, Tel: +30 050 2215708, email: armienti@dst.unipi.it
V16 Oceanic Spreading Centers and Volcanic Rift Systems: Tracking Fluxes and
the Interplay Between Processes from Mantle to Microbe
Recent years have been a watershed for research on oceanic and onshore rift
systems. Current studies are now providing the first data that characterize and
quantify the relationship between mantle melting, geochemical circulation, and
biological diversity and activity both within and upon the seafloor. It has
become increasingly apparent that oceanic spreading centers and associated
hydrothermal vent systems are deeply complex, comprising several interconnected
mass, fluid, thermal, and biological exchanges as energy fluxes from the
mantle, through the crust, and into the overlying oceans. Mantle melting and
volcanism along the spreading axis greatly enhances chemical exchange between
the crust and the overlying seawater, nourishing chemosynthetic biological
communities. These communities provide keys for exploring the evolution of life
on Earth, as they thrive in conditions that may have harbored the first
organisms on Earth. Furthermore, recent studies of onshore rift systems in
areas such as
Robert Dunn, University of Hawaii, Dept of
Geology and Geophysics 1680 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email:
dunnr@hawaii.edu, and
Peter Girguis,
Harvard University, Dept of Organismic and
Evolutionary Biology 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, email:
pgirguis@oeb.harvard.edu, and
William Seyfried,
University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Minneapolis, MN
55455 USA, email: wes@umn.edu
V17 The First Historical Eruption of Chaitén Volcano,
Southern Chile
On May 2, 2008 Chaitén volcano (southern volcanic
zone, Chile) erupted for the first time in many thousands of years, marking the
first monitored eruption of rhyolite magma from a
caldera and the first VEI 5 eruption of this century. Between May 2 and May 8,
the volcano produced a series of ash plumes that rose to 10-20 km altitude,
depositing pumiceous tephra
and ash downwind and extending east to the Atlantic coast of
Conveners:
Simon Carn,
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 USA, email:
scarn@umbc.edu, and
Luis Lara, SERNAGEOMIN, CHL, email: lelara@sernageomin.cl, and
John Pallister,
USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory, USA, email: jpallist@usgs.gov, and
Gustavo Villarosa,
Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET,
Bariloche, ARG, email: gustavov@crub.uncoma.edu.ar
V18 Episodic Behavior of the Earth’s Interior
While the ‘present is key to the past’, it is increasingly clear
that there have been times in our planet’s past when its interior behaved
quite differently than it does today. Evidence for such episodic behavior
includes large igneous provinces (LIPs), crustal growth peaks, geomagnetic superchrons and supercontinent
cycles. Further afield, both the moon and Venus
record planet-wide magmatic episodes. In this session
we would like to explore the origins of these events in the Earth and other
planetary interiors. What is the evidence for such events? How can we assess
the quality of such data? What are the timescales of these events and do they
show any periodicity? Is there a link between mantle events and the evidence
for episodic changes in the Earth’s atmosphere-biosphere (e.g. rise of
oxygen, S and C isotope excursions, mass extinctions/evolutionary radiations)?
What effect do these events have on the long-term thermal and chemical
structure of the planet? And what do geodynamic models of mantle convection and
plate tectonics tell us about the possible origins of these events? We seek
contributions from any field bearing on this subject including petrology,
geochemistry, geophysics, and field studies.
Conveners:
Stephen Parman,
Durham University, Science Labs, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, Tel: +44 (0)
191 334 2331, email: stephen.parman@durham.ac.uk, and
Shijie Zhong, University of
Colorado at Boulder, Dept. of Physics Campus Box 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA,
Tel: 1-303-735-5095, email: Shijie.Zhong@Colorado.Edu, and
John Rudge,
Cambridge University, Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge
Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ GBR, email: jfr23@cam.ac.uk
V19 Mass-Independent Isotopic Fractionation in Natural Systems: Experimental
and Theoretical Analyses
Mass-independent isotopic fractionations, originally observed in
atmospheric ozone, have recently been reported for a number of new elements,
including sulfur and mercury. These discoveries have already led to insights
into the rise of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere and the geochemical
cycling of pollutants and reactive molecules, but it is clear that there is
much left to understand. This session will focus on recent advances in
understanding the mechanisms controlling mass-independent fractionation. We aim
to bring together a diverse group of scientists applying a wide range of
techniques, including experiments, theoretical studies, and measurements of
mass-independent fractionations in natural samples. We seek submissions in
topics including (but not limited to) discoveries of new mass-independent
isotope effects, quantum mechanical calculations, reaction rate modeling,
spectroscopic studies of self-shielding and other photochemical phenomena,
laboratory-scale and field experiments, and geochemical modeling of the
propagation of mass-independent signatures through coupled geochemical and cosmochemical reservoirs.
Conveners:
Frederic Moynier,
Washington Univeristy in St Louis, USA, email:
moynier@levee.wustl.edu, and
Edwin Schauble,
University of California Los Angeles, USA, email: schauble@ucla.edu, and
Toshiyuki Fujii,
Kyoto University, JPN, email: tosiyuki@HL.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
V20 Subduction Zone Metamorphism: Fluid-Rock
Interaction in Time and Space
This session will explore the use of metamorphic geochemistry as a means of
illuminating processes taking place beneath the surface within subduction zones, merging information regarding mineral
reaction histories, fluid-rock interactions, and kinetics, in consideration of
the generation and mobility of (ultra) high-pressure fluids. In contrast to the
directly observable inputs (mostly seafloor sediments and altered basalt) and
outputs (mostly lavas and volcanic gases) of subduction
zones, the metamorphic portion of the subduction
factory (the hinge upon which the transition from input to output turns) is at
work entirely beyond our line of sight. What we can observe directly are the
metamorphic underbellies of failed, rifted, or otherwise exposed subduction zones, which have invariably been subjected to
complex sequences of pro- and retro- grade reactions that must be unraveled
before we can address the important issue of just what fluid-forming and
mobilization processes take place beneath the arc. Subduction-related
metamorphic rocks record a wide variety of pressures, temperatures, and
compositions. However, interpretation of metamorphic history from mineral
assemblages is complicated by the fact that minerals in a subducting
slab are not always able to achieve equilibrium as they descend. The rate at
which reactions proceed is a function of subduction
rate, temperature conditions, and the amount of fluid in the system.
Large-scale fluid-rock equilibration may be unlikely in colder regions of the subduction zone (i.e. in a fast-descending slab) but may
occur more rapidly in hotter regions of the subduction
zone (i.e. the lower mantle wedge), which in turn may cause chemical variation
in subduction-related fluids. The chemistry of these subduction zone fluids may further be varied according to
the timescales on which they are released – in particular, whether they
percolate in a steady stream or travel in self-contained pulses. We solicit
abstracts pertaining to the geochemistry of all subduction-relevant
metamorphic rocks and minerals, with particular emphasis on studies pertaining
to geochronology and spatially resolved geochemistry on all scales, from grain
boundaries to field-scale investigations.
Maureen Feineman,
Pennsylvania State University, Dept. of Geosciences, University Park, PA 16802
USA, Tel: 814-863-7400, email: mdf12@psu.edu, and
Gray Bebout,
Lehigh University, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bethlehem, PA
18015 USA, Tel: 610-758-5831, email: geb0@lehigh.edu, and
Jay Ague, Yale University, Dept. of Geology
and Geophysics, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203-432-3171, email:
jay.ague@yale.edu, and
Ivan P. Savov,
Leeds University, School of Earth and Environment Leeds United Kingdom , Leeds,
LS2 9JT GBR, Tel: +44-113-343-5199, Fax: +44-113-343-5259, email: i.savov@see.leeds.ac.uk
V21 Frontier of UltraHigh-Pressure Metamorphism and
Deep Subduction: From Atomic Scales to Mountain
Building
UHPM is an integral characteristic of collisional orogens, recording transient or even permanent subduction of continental margins into the mantle.
Recently, the emphasis of studies on microstructures, atomic scale mineral
properties, experimentally established phase transformations, mineral reaction
kinetic principles, the extent and rates of metamorphic and tectonic events during
deep subduction, elements partitioning and
geochemical diversity of mantle-crustal rocks-fluid
interactions have provided new insights into global geodynamic processes
operating in Earth's deep interior. The processes of tectonic accretion taking
place under varying physico-chemical and
thermo-mechanical conditions change the densities and mechanical behavior of
the rocks transported through the subduction channel.
The re-distribution of radioactive heat sources by crustal
thickening, partial melting and melt transport to the upper crust defines
metamorphic P-T-t paths and result in thermal stabilization of the lithosphere.
Because thickened crust may become gravitationally unstable, leading to syn- or post-orogenic extension,
such processes bridge together the exhumation of UHPM crustal
and mantle rocks which are among the most enigmatic questions of UHPM geology.
In this session we invite contributions presenting new developments in studies
of mineral submicronic structures, mineral reactions,
kinetics, thermobarometry, geochemistry,
geochronology, and general topics of UHPM geology and tectonics which represent
a frontier of knowledge in understanding the significance of UHPM for reshaping
the lithospheric plates through mountain buildings,
mantle convection, subduction, and exhumation of UHPM
rocks in diverse geological situations. The session is organized by Task Force
IV of International Lithosphere Program.
Simon Cuthbert, University of the West of
Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE GBR, Tel: 44 141 848 3263, email:
Simon.Cuthbert@uws.ac.uk, and
Larissa Dobrzhinetskaya,
University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel:
951-827-2028, email: Larissa@ucr.edu, and
Richard Wirth, GeoForschungsZentrum,
Potsdam, 14473 DEU, email: wirth@gfz-potsdam.de, and
Hans-Peter Schertl,
Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, D-44780 DEU, Tel:
49 (234) 32-23520, email: hans-peter.schertl@rub.de
V22 Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 2: Contrasting Views of the
Origin of Large Volume Silicic Magma Chambers and Granitic Batholiths
Large-volume silicic ash-flow sheets and granitic batholiths are both widely regarded to be products
of large silicic magma chambers in the crust. These
phenomena are fundamental to understanding the origin and anatomy of the
continental crust and its magmatic and tectonic
recycling. However, fundamental unanswered questions remain regarding the
connections between silicic volcanic and plutonic
bodies, such the physical state of the magma body through time (e.g., convecting fluid, viscous mush, or solid framework with
mobile pore melt); the temporal and spatial scales of the generation and
extrusion of large volumes of eruptible material, and of the assembly of large granitic plutons; and whether granitic plutons represent
refractory residua of melt extraction, unerupted
samples of the same material that is erupted, or neither. This session aims at
bringing together people investigating the volcano-plutonic connection from a
wide range of perspectives, including field, laboratory, and theoretical
investigations. This session complements a pre-meeting RiMG
shortcourse on Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic
Processes.
Conveners:
Ilya Bindeman, University of
Oregon, USA, email: bindeman@uoregon.edu, and
John Bartley, University of Utah, USA,
email: john.bartley@utah.edu, and
Allen Glazner,
University of North Carolina, USA, email: afglazne@email.unc.edu
V23 Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 3: Melt Inclusions in Phenocrysts From Mafic and Ultramafic Magmas
The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic growth in interest in studies of
melt inclusions – small portions of melt trapped by crystals growing
during magma evolution. One important area of application for melt inclusion
research is the study of primitive mantle-derived magmas. These are commonly
modified prior to eruption by fractionation, degassing, assimilation and other
processes, with melt inclusions potentially providing ‘snapshots’
of the early crystallisation environment. Increasing
interest in melt inclusions has also stimulated theoretical, petrological and experimental studies aimed at
understanding the processes that lead to melt inclusion trapping and
post-entrapment modification. This session, complementing the short-course for
the new Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry volume “Minerals,
Inclusions and Volcanic Processes”, will focus on important and topical
questions in the field of melt inclusions research: What does the melt
inclusion record actually represent? How much is this record modified by
post-entrapment processes? What unique information is provided by melt
inclusions? How does this information tie in with broader topics in basaltic petrogenesis? We welcome contributions based on studies of
natural samples and/or experimental and theoretical studies of melt inclusion
formation and modification.
Leonid Danyushevsky,
CODES, University of Tasmania, AUS, email: l.dan@utas.edu.au,
and
Adam Kent, Dept. of Geosciences, Oregon
State University, USA, email: adam.kent@geo.oregonstate.edu
V24 Results From the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project
The Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP), sponsored by NSF and ICDP,
involved drilling and coring into a young Hawaiian volcano to develop an
extended time-stratigraphic record of the lava
output, geochemical- and structural evolution of a large hotspot volcano. The
drilling also yielded unexpected results on the deep subsurface hydrology of
the island. The coring into the
Conveners:
Donald DePaolo,
University of California, Berkeley, Dept of Earth & Planetary Science
McCone Hall Mail Code 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767 USA, Tel: 510-643-5064,
Fax: 510-642-9520, email: depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu, and
Edward Stolper,
California Institute of Technology, Div. of Geological & Planetary Sciences,
Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: 626-395-6504, Fax: 626-568-0935, email:
ems@gps.caltech.edu, and
Donald Thomas, University of Hawaii, SOEST,
Honolulu, 96822 USA, Tel: 808-956-6482, Fax: 808-956-2538, email:
dthomas@soest.hawaii.edu
V25 New Insights on the Formation and Evolution of Fast-Spreading Ocean
Crust from IODP Site 1256, Pito and Hess Deeps, and
Active Ridges
Oceanic crust covers in excess of 60% of our planet. Half of that crust formed
at fast spreading ridges. To understand the magmatic processes
that generate this crust, and the hydrothermal circulation that cools it, we
require contributions from an array of disciplines. Marine geophysical
investigations have found that the internal structure of crust formed at
fast-spreading rates is relatively uniform. Studies of lava eruption and diking events have refined understanding of episodicity in magmatic accretion
of the crust. Knowledge of geological structure of the crust is required for
testing theoretical models of crustal accretion of fast-spreading
crust. Laboratory studies of spatially constrained samples are key to estimating the attendant fluxes of mass and heat.
This session will focus on, but is not limited to, recent studies of fast
spread ocean crust exposed in tectonic windows at Hess Deep and Pito Deep and recovered by deep drilling at Site 1256. We
welcome all relevant geological, tectonic, geophysical, theoretical,
hydrothermal, biological, and geochemical studies of the ocean crust formed at
fast spreading rates.
Conveners:
Damon A. H. Teagle,
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science
University of Southampton European Way , Southampton, SO14 3ZH GBR, Tel:
+44-(0)23-8059-2723, Fax: +44-(0)23-8059-3052, email: dat@noc.soton.ac.uk, and
Kathryn Gillis, University of Victoria,
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences P.O. Box 3055 University of Victoria,
Victoria, BC V8W 3P6 CAN, Tel: 250-472-4345, Fax: 250-721-6200, email:
kgillis@uvic.ca, and
John Maclennan,
University of Cambridge, Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge
Downing Street , Cambridge, CB2 3EQ GBR, Tel: +44 (0)1223 761602, Fax: +44
(0)1223 333450, email: jmac05@esc.cam.ac.uk, and
Jeffrey A. Karson,
Syracuse University, Department of Earth Sciences 204 Heroy
Geology Laboratory Syracuse University , Syracuse, NY 13244-1070 USA, Tel:
315.443.7976, Fax: 315.443.3363, email: jakarson@syr.edu
V26 Observations and Modeling of Volcanic Blasts and Jets
Explosive volcanic degassing consists of a combination of discrete blasts and
more continuous jet flows, depending on the gas volume and overpressure.
Well-developed turbulent jet flows can either transition with altitude into
thermally buoyant plumes, or collapse to form pyroclastic
flows. This type of volcanic activity is amenable to direct observation by
visual, thermal, radar, infrasonic, and seismic instrumentation. Numerical and
analogue models, as well as analyses of pyroclastic
deposits, provide further insight into the fluid dynamics of these processes.
This session integrates observations and numerical and analogue modeling of
volcanic blasts and jets. We encourage contributions that show observations or
models that can provide constraints on jet flow structure, mass fluxes, vent
overpressures, jet dimensions and velocities, the influence of vent and crater
geometry, temperature or composition of ejecta, and
ballistic velocities.
Conveners:
Robin Samuel Matoza, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics 0225 University of
California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: (858) 534-8119,
email: rmatoza@ucsd.edu, and
David Fee, Infrasound Laboratory (ISLA), University of Hawaii, Manoa 73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu Hwy #119 , Kailua-Kona, HI 96740-2638 USA, Tel: (808) 327-6206, email:
dfee@isla.hawaii.edu, and
Milton Garces, Infrasound Laboratory (ISLA),
University of Hawaii, Manoa 73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu
Hwy #119 , Kailua-Kona, HI 96740-2638 USA, Tel: (808)
327-6206, email: milton@isla.hawaii.edu
V27 “Failed” Magmatic Eruptions: When
Unrest Leads to Quiescence
When a volcano becomes restless, one of the primary questions asked of
scientists is whether the unrest and underlying processes will lead to a magmatic eruption. “Failed” magmatic
eruptions, where magma comes close to erupting but ultimately fails to reach
the surface, can have significant negative consequences, particularly if the
associated unrest leads to erroneous forecasts. Over the last several decades
“failed” magmatic eruptions have been
preceded by various combinations of increased degassing and thermal output, phreatic eruptions, shallow earthquake swarms (some with
felt and/or low-frequency events), and notable ground deformation. Unequivocal
cases of failed magmatic eruptions include Soufrière Guadeloupe (1975-76) and
Conveners:
Seth Moran, U.S. Geological Survey -
Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA,
Tel: 360 993-8934, email: smoran@usgs.gov, and
Chris Newhall, Earth Observatory of
Singapore - Nanyan Technological University, SGP,
email: cnewhall@ntu.edu.sg, and
Diana Roman, University of South Florida,
USA, email: droman@cas.usf.edu
V28 New Scientific Insights From Mining Geochemical and Geophysical Databases
In recent years, data - from real-time data collected in the field, to
laboratory analyses, and experiments - have been produced at higher rates than
ever before. Mining this data avalanche as an individual is time consuming and
arduous, if not impossible. An increasing number of large digital data
collections are now available to the Geoscience
community that compile and integrate data generated from vast numbers of
different studies. These data collections provide new powerful avenues for
research, enabling synthesis and analysis of vast geochemical and geophysical
data sets. This session invites papers of studies that detail scientific
advances resulting from the use of large digital data sets and databases, and
new developments in data mining techniques.
Conveners:
Kerstin Annette Lehnert,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades,
NY 10964 USA, Tel: 8453658506, Fax: 8453658162, email:
lehnert@ldeo.columbia.edu, and
Vincent Salters,
Department of Geological Sciences, Florida State University, P.O. Box 3064100,
Tallahassee, FL 32306-4100 USA, Tel: 8506441934, Fax: 8506444214, email:
salters@magnet.fsu.edu, and
Frank S. Spear, Department of Earth &
Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy,
NY 12180 USA, Tel: 5182766103, email: spearf@rpi.edu, and
Karin A. Block, Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, 10964 USA, Tel:
8453658393, email: kblock@ldeo.columbia.edu
V29 Quantifying Surface Processes Using Noble Gases
The relatively simple behavior of He, Ne, and Ar in both solids and fluids has been exploited to study a
variety of terrestrial and planetary surface processes. We solicit
contributions that advance our understanding of basic physical properties of
noble gases in geologic materials, as well as novel applications of noble gas
measurements to understand tectonic processes, landscape evolution, groundwater
systems, chemical weathering, sedimentation rates in the ocean, and planetary
impacts. Of particular interest are applications that use noble gas
measurements in conjunction with other geochemical observations such as: (i) combined cosmogenic 3He and
21Ne with 10Be and 26Al, (ii) groundwater/reservoir tracer studies, (iii)
weathering geochronology, iv) He- and Ar-based thermochronometry, (v) ages and temperatures associated
with planetary impacts.
Conveners:
David L. Shuster, Berkeley Geochronology
Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA, Tel: 510-644-9200, email:
dshuster@bgc.org, and
Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Harvard
University, USA, email: sujoy@eps.harvard.edu
V30 Arc Dynamics of Kamchatka: Recent Volcanological,
Geophysical, and Petrologic Results
Kamchatka, Russia is one of the most seismically and volcanically active
regions on Earth, with one of the fastest subduction
rates of any arc. The peninsula contains 29 active volcanoes, beginning in the
north at the terminus of the Aleutian arc and ending in the south at the start
of the
Michael Ramsey, University of Pittsburgh,
Department of Geology and Planetary Science, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA, Tel:
412-624-8772, Fax: 412-624-3914, email: mramsey@pitt.edu, and
Adam Simon, University of Nevada Las Vegas,
Department of Geoscience , Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA,
Tel: 702-895-2916, email: adam.simon@unlv.edu, and
Michael West, University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute Alaska Volcano Observatory, Fairbanks, AK
99775 USA, Tel: 907-474-6977, email: west@gi.alaska.edu
V31 Nanoscale Views on Geochemical Processes
Molecular-scale computational and spectroscopic approaches are increasingly
contributing to our understanding of geochemical processes as diverse as nanoparticle surface chemistry, mineral and gas hydrate
nucleation, solid rupture mechanics, and diffusion in silicate melts and in
water-filled nanopores. For this session, we invite
contributions that will capture the breadth of the expanding field of molecular
computational geoscience. We particularly wish to
highlight collaborative research that combines quantum- or molecular-mechanical
simulations with experimental spectroscopic investigations for nanoscale understanding of geochemical processes, as well
as research that investigates the laboratory- and field-scale implications of
molecular-scale findings. The broad diversity of molecular computational geoscience topics has never been gathered in a single
session at previous AGU meetings, to our knowledge.
Conveners:
Ian C. Bourg, Harvard University, Hoffman
Labs # 304 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, email:
ibourg@nature.berkeley.edu, and
Kideok Kwon, University of California, 140 Mulford Hall # 3114 , Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, email:
kkwon@nature.berkeley.edu
V32 Hydrology of Marine Hydrothermal Systems
The subsurface hydrology of marine hydrothermal systems (mid-ocean ridges,
submarine arc volcanoes etc.) is still poorly understood. In particular, the causes
for the temporal and spatial variability as measured on active black smokers as
well as submarine arc systems are subject of an active debate. Hydrologic
tracer tests are technically challenging and expensive to perform, numerical
simulations of these systems have been difficult to conduct due to the non-linearities in fluid properties and phase behavior, and
studies on fossil examples usually reveal a time-integrated result, for example
in the form of rock alterations. Recent improvements in simulation techniques
now allow physically rigorous scenario testing studies, including the
simulation of complex phase separation processes as well as high resolution
representation of fluid flow in two and three dimensions. We invite
contributions from measurement campaigns on active systems, studies on
fluid-rock interaction in fossil systems, geophysical constraints on flow
physics, and numerical simulation to facilitate a multidisciplinary view on the
hydrology of these systems and to identify of the most relevant scenarios for
further studies.
Conveners:
Dim Coumou, ETH
Zurich, Institute of Isotope Geochemistry and Mineral Resources ETH Zuerich Clausiusstrasse 25 (now
at: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) Telegraphenberg
A 31 14473 Potsdam, Germany), Zurich, 8092 CHE, Tel: +41 44 632 0483, email:
coumou@erdw.ethz.ch, and
Philipp Weis, ETH Zurich, Institute of
Isotope Geochemistry and Mineral Resources ETH Zuerich
NW F84 Clausiusstrasse 25, Zurich, 8092 CHE, Tel: +41
44 632 0483, email: weis@erdw.ethz.ch, and
Thomas Driesner,
ETH Zurich, Institute of Isotope Geochemistry and Mineral Resources ETH Zuerich NW F81.3 Clausiusstrasse
25, Zurich, 8092 CHE, Tel: +41 44 632 68 03, email:
thomas.driesner@erdw.ethz.ch, and
Robert Lowell, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech
Geosciences 4044 Derring Hall (0420) Blacksburg, VA
24061, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: +1.540.231.6004, email: rlowell@vt.edu
V33 Advances in Analyzing Rock Textures and Microgeochemistry
Igneous and metamorphic textures have attracted much attention because they
provide detailed information about the crystallization history of rocks.
Textures reflect the complex interaction between nucleation and growth that
occurred in the rock as a result of changing physical and chemical conditions.
Metamorphic and igneous petrologists as have studied
these aspects from different perspectives. This session aims to shed light on
advances in the analytical methods for textural and microchemical
analysis, e.g. quantifying mineral textures, 2D and 3D analysis of rock
textures (CSD) as well as the interpretation of such data in a variety of
geological settings. To advance our understanding of the fundamental processes
governing mineral formation, we invite contributions from all research areas
that cover metamorphic and igneous aspects of texture formation and microchemical analysis. Contributions based on observations
from the field and experiments, as well as theoretical and modeling studies,
are welcome.
Thomas Mueller, Mineralogy, Ruhr-Universität
W. Carlson, The
V34 Flow and Fracture of Magma: Bringing Together Experimentation, Modelling and Monitoring
Magma is ductile, magma is brittle. Structural analysis of volcanic conduit
margins and the interior of lava domes reveals a wide
spectrum of behaviour from slow, fluid-like
deformation to rapid, brittle fracturing and progressive development of fault
gauges. It is increasingly apparent that this contrasting rheological
behaviour plays a key role in controlling ascent
dynamics, eruption styles and monitored indicators of unrest, especially since
we now have experimental proof that high-temperature magma fracture is seismogenic. This new evidence suggests that careful
monitoring of seismicity, ground deformation and
degassing can potentially be used to track the transition from ductile to brittle
flow behaviour, and therefore to forecast the
transitions of eruptive styles. We propose a multidisciplinary session in which
field observations, laboratory experiments, multi-parameter modelling
and numerical simulations will improve our understanding of magma ascent and
eruptive processes, with the aim of developing a viable eruption forecast
method. This session aims to draw together multi-disciplinary contributions in
order to illuminate new approaches, methodologies and results. We encourage a
diverse range of submissions encompassing magma rheology
and fracture mechanics, textural studies, conduit dynamics, lava dome growth,
brittle-ductile structures, multi-parameter modelling
and forecasting methods.
Yan Lavallée, LMU-Munich,
DEU, email: lavallee@min.uni-muenchen.de, and Hugh Tuffen, Lancaster University, GBR, email:
h.tuffen@lancaster.ac.uk, and
Alina Hale, Australian Computational Earth Systems
Simulator, NZL, email: alinah@esscc.uq.edu.au, and
Arthur Jolly, GNS Science, NZL, email:
A.Jolly@gns.cri.nz
V35 Advances in Volcano Monitoring and Research at the Alaska Volcano
Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) was founded in April 1988, and has
monitored over 40 eruptions in the North Pacific Region. In this time AVO has
been on the forefront of developing new monitoring techniques for volcanoes in
remote and harsh environments. Though the volcanoes are remote, their hazards
to local infrastructure and air traffic are great, and AVO has focused its
efforts to meet the needs of these communities. At its peak over 30 seismic
networks have been installed, telemetering data from
more than 180 stations. This array is now supplemented by continuous GPS, video
and infrasound sensors. Insights to the processes of the
Stephen McNutt, Alaska Volcano Observatory,
Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA,
Tel: (907) 474-7131, Fax: (907) 474-7290, email: steve@giseis.alaska.edu, and
Thomas Murray, Alaska Volcano Observatory, United
States Geological Survey 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA, Tel:
(907) 786-7443, Fax: (907) 786-7450, email: tlmurray@usgs.gov, and
James Begét,
Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA, Tel: (907) 474-5301, Fax: (907) 474-7290,
email: ffjeb1@uaf.edu, and
Jonathan Dehn,
Alaska Volcano Observatory, Geophysical Institute University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA, Tel: (907) 474-6499, Fax: (907) 474-7290,
email: jdehn@gi.alaska.edu
V36 Interpretation of Spectroscopic Studies of Organic Species at the
Mineral-Water Interface
Interactions that occur at the interface between molecules and mineral surfaces
in the presence of water are integral to many chemical and physical processes,
including the behavior of pollutants in the environment, the effects of metal
implants in the human body, and perhaps the origin of life. In the
mineral-water interface community, there is an ongoing effort to understand the
adsorption of organic molecules at mineral surfaces using advanced in situ
spectroscopic techniques and molecular calculations that can be used to
describe the coordination chemistry in the interfacial region. However, the
interpretation of such spectroscopic results is subject to uncertainty. This
session focuses on the different types of spectroscopic techniques and
molecular calculations that can be used to describe the mineral-organic
species-water interface interactions at a molecular level. The aim is to enhance
the awareness within the community of what can currently be done and what needs
to be done within this research field. We encourage presentations based on
experimental and theoretical studies.
Conveners:
Caroline M. Jonsson,
Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences 3400 N
Charles St Olin Hall 301, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA, Tel: 2024155581, email:
cjonsson@ciw.edu, and
Christopher L. Jonsson,
Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences 3400 N
Charles St Olin Hall 301, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA, Tel: 2024153542, email:
cljonsson@ciw.edu, and
Dimitri A. Sverjensky, Johns
Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences 3400 N Charles
St Olin Hall 301, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA, Tel: 4432557131, email:
sver@jhu.edu, and
Robert M. Hazen, Carnegie Institution for
Science, Geophysical Laboratory 5251 Broad Branch Road, Washington, DC 20015
USA, Tel: 2024788962, email: rhazen@ciw.edu
V37 Puna Dacite Magma at
Kilauea: Unexpected Drilling into an Active Magma
In routine drilling associated with development of a geothermal field, an
active dacite magma was encountered on the east rift
of Kilauea at a depth of about 2.5 km. This session will cover the discovery,
the nature of the magma, its possible origin, and its meaning in terms of
Conveners:
Bruce D. Marsh, Johns Hopkins University,
Earth & Planetary Sciences , Baltimore, MD 21218
USA, Tel: 410 516 4652, Fax: 410 516 7933, email: bmarsh@jhu.edu, and
William Teplow, Consulting
Geologist, USA, email: teplow@aol.com
V38 Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 4: Crystal-scale Records of
Magma Dynamics
Minerals and their inclusions provide a valuable archive of volcanic processes,
including the history and dynamics of magmatic
evolution. Building from the theme of a pre-meeting RiMG
shortcourse, the goal of this session is to bring
together scientists who use different methods to understand how information
about magma dynamics can be extracted from the crystal record and in particular
to explore how crystal records can be used to distinguish crystals and crystal
populations in the same magmas that may record different histories. We are
interested in contributions from those who date mineral aggregates and individual
crystals and estimate residence times from U-series disequilibria and diffusion
profiles, use isotopes to identify magma batches and processes, and use crystal
chemistry, imaging, and isotopes to evaluate open system processing and
untangle the evolution of co-mingled (autocrysts/phenocrysts,
antecrysts, xenocrysts)
crystals. We are especially interested in submissions that combine multiple
techniques to address the sometimes disparate origins of crystals in magmas.
Conveners:
Mary Reid, Northern Arizona University,
Department of Geology, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA, Tel: 928-523-7200, Fax:
928-523-9220, email: mary.reid@nau.edu, and
Kari Cooper, U.C. Davis, Department of
Geology, Davis, CA 95616 USA, email: kmcooper@geology.ucdavis.edu, and
Fidel Costa, Institut
de Ciences de la Terra Jaume
Almera, CSIC, Barcelona, 08028 ESP, email: fcosta@ija.csic.es
V39 Arc Crustal Cross-Sections: Studies in the 4-d
Evolution of Arcs
Arc crustal cross-sections are critical to our
understanding of orogenic systems, as the vertical
dimension is the dominant direction of thermal and compositional variation in
the crust as well as the dimension of major petrologic evolution of magmatic systems. These special exposures, combined with
our rapidly progressing understanding of geochronologic
systematics, are leading to new understanding of the
4-d evolution of arcs. Arc crustal cross-sections
provide an opportunity to study the mechanisms of magma transport through the
crust, the architecture of intrusions at different crustal
levels, material transfer processes, and the impact of the thermal input of magmatism on the evolution of an orogen.
Contributions are invited that enhance our understanding of the magmatic, petrologic, rheological,
and geophysical characteristics of arcs in the vertical dimension through time.
Field-based, laboratory, and modeling contributions are all highly encouraged.
Conveners:
Rita C. Economos,
University of Southern California, 3651 Trousdale Parkway, ZHS117 , Los
Angeles, CA 90089-0740 USA, Tel: 213-740-8261, Fax: 213-740-8801, email:
economos@usc.edu, and
Scott R. Paterson, University of Southern
California, 3651 Trousdale Parkway, ZHS117, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740 USA,
Tel: 213-740-6103, Fax: 213-740-8810, email: paterson@usc.edu
V40 International Polar Year: Antarctica Geological and Geophysical Research
This session will showcase the diversity of geology and geophysical research on
and around the Antarctica continent in celebration of the International Polar
Year. Researchers investigating petrology, geochemistry and tectonics problems
related to the Ross Orogeny, Ferrar
diabases and the West Antarctic rift system are
encouraged to submit to this session.
Conveners:
Michael Garcia, University of Hawaii, USA,
email: mogarcia@hawaii.edu, and
Wesley LeMasurier,
University of Colorado at Boulder, USA, email: wesley.lemasurier@colorado.edu,
and
Sidney Hemming, Columbia University, USA,
email: sidney@ldeo.columbia.edu
V41 Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic Processes 5: Volatile Diffusion and
Degassing as Related to Crystal and Bubble Growth, Volcanic Gas Compositions,
and Eruption Dynamics
Magma degassing and crystallization are two critical and associated volcanic
processes that play a major role in volcanic eruption style. Volatile transport
and loss are strongly dependent on crystal and bubble growth. Often, degassing
through bubble growth, coalescence and transfer in the volcano conduits is not
an equilibrium process, but a disequilibrium process partially controlled by
diffusion of volatile components. These components can be fractionated during
degassing, which is also partially controlled by their respective
diffusivities. Modeling processes that control the volcanic gas emission
chemistry at surface and volcanic eruption dynamics is a challenge to modern volcanology. This session will bring together physical,
experimental and numerical studies that examine crystallization, degassing,
diffusion and disequilibrium processes. Textural and chemical analysis of
eruptive products, studies on melt inclusions, volatile diffusivity,
crystal/bubble growth, and surface gas records are welcome. Important questions
regarding (i) the relationship between vesiculation, crystallization, magma ascent rate and
eruption style, (ii) the disequilibrium processes that result from differential
diffusion during decompression, and (iii) bubble coalescence and permeability
development and their importance in interpreting the gas chemistry at surface
will be addressed. This session complements a pre-meeting RiMG
shortcourse on Minerals, Inclusions and Volcanic
Processes.
Nicole Metrich, Laboratoire Pierre Sue-CNRS-CEA, Gif sur
Yvette, FRA, email: nicole.metrich@cea.fr, and
Nicole Lautze,
U.S. Geological Survey, USA, email: nlautze@usgs.gov, and Jon Blundy, University of Bristol, GBR, email:
jon.blundy@bristol.ac.uk, and
Jon Castro, Smithsonian Institution, USA,
email: castroj@si.edu, and Helge Gonnermann,
SOEST, University of Hawaii, USA, email: helge@hawaii.edu
V42 Geochemical Heterogeneities in OIB and MORB Sources: Implications for
Melting Processes and Mantle Dynamics
It is a given that the mantle sources of mid-ocean ridge and intraplate oceanic volcanoes are heterogeneous on multiple
scales, principally as a result of recycling of lithospheric
material, though other mechanisms may be significant. Such heterogeneity can be
seen rather directly using trace element and volatile species concentrations
and in stable and radiogenic isotope ratios. Heterogeneity of sources in major
elements is more challenging to describe in detail because of strong
modifications by and feedback with melting and fractionation processes. It has
been shown that various Ocean Islands and Mid-Ocean Ridges have small scale
trace element and radiogenic isotope heterogeneities and also exhibit
relatively large variations in their melting dynamics as inferred from U-Th-Ra-Pa disequilibria in young samples; sampling
opportunities make ocean island localities best for studying temporal
variations, whereas mid-ocean ridges are better suited for studies of spatial
variations across a wide range of scales, from individual melt inclusions to interoceanic comparisons. Although geochemical studies have
provided clear evidence for such recycled components (including volatiles) in
the mantle, the details of how these affect or perhaps even control melting
rates and processes remain unclear. How do isotopic heterogeneities at various
scales correlate with major element variations and physical parameters such as
potential temperature, crustal thickness, seismic
velocity, etc.? It is necessary to approach the issue of melting and mantle
heterogeneity from both geodynamical and geochemical perspectives. The aim of
this session is to explore empirical evidence and conceptual models for the
impact of geochemical heterogeneities on mantle melting in both Ocean Island
Basalts and Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts. We welcome contributions from the fields
of trace element and isotope geochemistry as well as geophysical and numerical modelling incorporating the impact of mantle heterogeneity
on mantle melting.
Christoph Beier, Macquarie
University, NSW AUS, email: cbeier@els.mq.edu.au, and
Simon Turner, Macquarie University, AUS,
email: sturner@els.mq.edu.au, and
Craig O'Neill, Macquarie University, AUS,
email: coneill@els.mq.edu.au, and
Paul Asimow,
Caltech, USA, email: asimow@gps.caltech.edu, and
Cin-Ty Lee, Rice University, USA, email: ctlee@rice.edu,
and
Vincent Salters, Florida
State University, USA, email: salters@magnet.fsu.edu
U09 Different Views on One Asthenosphere
It is generally accepted that the asthenosphere is a
mechanically weak region in the shallow mantle underneath the lithosphere. Even
so, every discipline has a different perspective on what the asthenosphere is. For example, it has been termed the low
(seismic) velocity zone and the low-viscosity zone, and its unique properties
have been attributed to either mineral properties at relevant temperatures and
pressures or to the presence of melt and/or water. While we have a good
understanding of some of the asthenosphere's
properties and know of the importance of this thin layer as it influences
mantle flow, we are still seeking a unified picture that includes independent
constraints from all relevant disciplines. In this session we will explore
different views on the asthenosphere to (1) identify
first order characteristics (e.g. location, depth, viscosity, seismic velocity,
anisotropy, attenuation, electrical conductivity, density, flow field, lateral
variations) and (2) combine observations to provide a forum to discuss a
unified picture of the asthenosphere.
Conveners:
Tobias Höink, Rice
University, MS 126, PO Box 1892 Earth Science , Houston, TX 77021 USA, Tel: +1
713 348 4497, email: tobias.hoeink@rice.edu, and
Greg Hirth, Brown
University, Box 1846 Dept. of Geological Sciences, Providence, RI 02912 USA,
Tel: 401-863-7063, email: Greg_Hirth@Brown.Edu
U18 Interaction and Co-evolution of Earth Reservoirs: Coupling of Mantle,
Tectonic, Atmospheric, and Hydrospheric Dynamics in
the Evolution of Earth
While significant progress has been made in understanding the evolution of the
various reservoirs that constitute Earth (e.g. mantle, atmosphere, continents,
etc...), recent research suggests the interaction of these reservoirs plays an
important role in the dynamics of the planet. Degassing from Earth's interior
at volcanoes influences the evolution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
Climatic and tectonic processes have been found to develop feedbacks which
alter the evolution of both reservoirs. The interaction of climate and mantle
dynamics has been explored in planetary tectonics, and this coupling may be
important in the stability of plate tectonics on a planet. The purpose of this
session is therefore to bring together researchers from various disciplines to
discuss the coupled interaction between various components of Earth's mantle,
continents, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Does the evolution of the atmosphere
and hydrosphere influence the thermal history of Earth and vice versa? What is
the influence of climate on the evolution of continental crust, and what
controls would these processes have on mantle dynamics? We would also like to
address the interplay of the different physical and chemical processes
governing reservoir interactions on short (< kyr),
intermediate (~100 kyr), and long (> Myr) timescales and various lengthscales.
We seek contributions from any field bearing on this subject including
atmospheric science, geochemistry, and geophysics. Contributions considering
the interactions of various reservoirs on other planets are highly encouraged
as well.
Conveners:
William Landuyt,
Yale University, USA, email: william.landuyt@yale.edu, and
Adrian Lenardic,
Rice University, USA, email: ajns@rice.edu, and
Mark Jellinek,
University of British Columbia, CAN, email: mjellinek@eos.ubc.ca
U20 Fluids at Convergent Margins: Synthesis of Observations, Experiments and
Models
Water and other fluids play defining roles in subduction
zone processes over a wide range of depths and scales. At shallow levels these
processes include diagenesis and alteration, fault
zone stability and seismogenesis, and coupling of
deformation between subducting and overriding plate.
Fluids likely play an important role in controlling shallow seismic events at
the plate interface. Deeper in the subduction zone
fluids control dehydration and metamorphic reactions, magma formation and
migration, rheology and dynamics of the mantle wedge,
and generation of intermediate-depth seismicity.
Characterizing the role of fluids and volatiles has been a key component of
international and collaborative subduction zone
research projects, that include the Seismogenic Zone
Experiment (SEIZE) and Subduction Factory (Subfac) initiatives of the NSF MARGINS program, the
Japanese IFREE program, the German SFB574 collaborative research center and the
Russian-German KALMAR collaborative project, with focus sites at Nankai, Central America, Central Chile, Kamchatka, and Izu-Bonin-Marianas. These efforts have led to unprecedented
advances in our understanding of the role of fluids in the formation and
maintenance of the seismogenic zone and the
connection between the inputs and outputs of the subduction
factory. In-situ observations of fluids in subduction
zones remains difficult, but the additional use of indirect observations
coupled with integrated experimental and theoretical work has allowed for
significant progress. This session will further the synthesis of observational,
theoretical and experimental research on the role of fluids in subduction zones. This session is intended to bring
together researchers from various fields with interests that cut across
traditional discipline boundaries. We invite contributions from a wide range of
disciplines including geodesy, ocean drilling, hydrology, volcanology,
seismology, petrology, geodynamics, and geochemistry.
Conveners:
Peter van Keken,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel: 1-734-764-1497,
email: keken@umich.edu, and
Alison Shaw, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, USA, email: ashaw@whoi.edu, and
Demian Saffer, Penn State,
USA, email: dsaffer@geosc.psu.edu, and
Kaj Hoernle, IFM-GEOMAR,
DEU, email: khoernle@ifm-geomar.de
U21 Geologic, Seismologic, and Geodynamic Constraints on the 4-D Evolution
of North America: Where are we now and Where are we Going?
New advances in our understanding of the 4-D evolution of the North American
continent will require integrated, multidisciplinary approaches that combine
observations of seismology, geology, and geodesy, together with computationally
intensive geodynamic approaches that utilize these observations. Furthermore,
continued input from the fields of mineral physics and rock mechanics are also
critical. The rich data sets available through EarthScope,
combined with the diversity of geologic field work performed to date, provide
an unprecedented opportunity to understand the inner workings of the
distributed plate boundary zone that spans the western third of the continent,
including crust-mantle coupling, large-scale driving mechanisms, the presence
or lack of distributed deformation, and the role of vertical and lateral
variations in crust and mantle composition, temperature, and rheology, as well as provide insights into the processes
that drive the Wilson cycle over longer time scales. We invite papers that take
multidisciplinary approaches to understand the geodynamic history of
Conveners:
William Holt, Dept. of Geosciences, Stony
Brook University, Dept. of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
11794 USA, Tel: 6316328215, Fax: 6316328240, email: william.holt@sunysb.edu,
and
Michael Williams, University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Department of Geosciences,, Amherst, MA USA, Tel: 4135450538, email:
mlw@geo.umass.edu
U25 Integrated Geohazards Along Continental Margins
and Plate Boundary Zones
An ancillary but significant product of investigations along continental
margins and plate boundary zones (e.g., through the NSF MARGINS Program,
ODP/IODP, and related programs) has been a broader, highly integrated
understanding of the scientific causes and resulting impacts of geohazards. Examples include, but are not limited to, (1) rheologic and structural controls on plate boundary seismogenesis and tsunamigenesis;
(2) stratigraphic, chemical, and geomechanical
factors that promote weakening and failure; (3) climatic, tectonic, and
anthropogenic influences on rates of sediment erosion, transport and
deposition, and impacts on our coastlines, and (4) explosive volcanism, and the
role of magma composition and volatile flux in eruptive behavior. Although
geologic settings may differ, they share many common processes and conditions
that contribute to hazardous phenomena; therefore a broad, cross-disciplinary
discussion could benefit many scientific communities. To foster these
discussions, we solicit contributions that address the wide range of
margin-related geologic hazards, their causes, and their consequences. Field,
laboratory, and numerical studies are welcome.
Conveners:
Julia K. Morgan, Rice University, Dept Earth
Science, MS-126 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 USA, Tel: (713) 348-6330,
Fax: (713) 348-5214, email: morganj@rice.edu, and
Brandon Dugan, Rice University, Dept Earth
Science, MS-126 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005 USA, Tel: (713) 348-5088,
email: dugan@rice.edu, and
Eli Silver, University of California, Santa
Cruz, Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, email:
esilver@pmc.ucsc.edu, and
Cynthia Ebinger,
University of Rochester, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 227
Hutchinson Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA, email: ebinger@earth.rochester.edu,
and
Susan Bilek, New
Mexico Institute of Technology, USA, email: sbilek@nmt.edu
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